https://ijpbp.com/index.php/ijpbp <p>International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals (IJPBP) (e-ISSN: 2791-7509) is a double peer-reviewed (anonymous reviewer/anonymous author) <strong>open access</strong> journal for original research articles, review articles and short communications related to all aspects of plant based pharmaceuticals and their analysis. IJPBP was launched in June 2021, and published biannually.</p> <p>Submission would be encouraged on all aspects of plant based pharmaceutical analysis. The aim of this journal is to become a highly respected and trusted resource of leading knowledge in this field and to promote worldwide academic exchange.</p> <p>Electronic versions of articles are published immediately and continuously once the manuscripts have been accepted.</p> <p><strong>Below are the files you will need during the submission. Please do not use any other type of file.</strong></p> <p><strong><u>Required files for submission:</u></strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://ijpbp.com/index.php/ijpbp/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/3">Title page template</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ijpbp.com/index.php/ijpbp/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/11">Manuscript template</a></li> <li><a href="https://ijpbp.com/index.php/ijpbp/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/4">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="https://ijpbp.com/index.php/ijpbp/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/5">Response to reviewers</a></li> <li><a href="https://ijpbp.com/index.php/ijpbp/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/20" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IJPBP EndNote style</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Please note:</strong> During revision, the primary author is kindly requested to avoid changes in the order and number of authors.</p> <p><strong>To the attention of the authors</strong></p> <p>IJPBP is highly selective in determining the articles to be published in terms of both scientific and linguistic quality. Therefore, authors who want to submit articles to IJPBP should ensure that their articles are checked by a native speaker prior to submission. Articles that fail to pass the language quality criteria will not be considered to enter the referee evaluation process.<br /><strong><br />Please pay attention to the following points so that you can pass the editorial pre-evaluation process smoothly:</strong><br />- Name and surname of all the authors should be available.<br />- Affiliations of all the authors should be available.<br />- ORCID numbers of all the authors should be available.<br />- The postal addresses of the authors should be correct and up-to-date.<br />- E-mail address of the corresponding author should be available.<br />- The subject matter should be original.<br />- Abstract should begin with a rationale and have a maximum of 250 words.<br />- The number of keywords should be between 3-6.<br />- Introduction should be in enough length and has appropriate citations and an aim sentence.<br />- Experimental should be in enough length and detail and has appropriate citations.<br />- The name of the senior taxonomist and herbarium number of the plant should be available (if applicable).<br />- The plant extraction procedure (if applicable) should be sufficiently clearly defined.<br />- The results should be evaluated by statistical analysis methods.<br />- The scientific methods applied should be quantitatively sufficient in depth.<br />- The results should be clear.<br />- The language quality should be adequate.<br />- Figure resolutions should be adequate.<br />- All the headings should be numbered.<br />- Citations should not be numbered.<br />- The discussion should be of sufficient length and adequately compared with literature data.<br />- Conclusions should be clear and adequate.<br />- Acknowledgment should be appropriate (if applicable).<br />- Conflict of interest statement and document together with the manuscript should be available.<br />- Statement of ethics should be available (if applicable).<br />- Availability of data and materials section should be available.<br />- Funding information with the grant number should be available (if applicable).<br />- CRediT authorship contribution statement should be available.<br />- iThenticate similarity score should be acceptable.<br />- Supplementary file should be available (if applicable).<br />- References should be in correct format.<br /><br /></p> Bektas TEPE en-US International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals 2791-7509 <p>The papers published in the International Journal of Plant Based Pharmaceuticals are licenced under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY)</a>.</p> https://ijpbp.com/index.php/ijpbp/article/view/213 <p>Pediatric upper respiratory infections (URIs) and otitis media (OM) significantly impact the health of children globally. <em>Echinacea purpurea</em>, known for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, has been historically used to treat various ailments, suggesting its potential as an adjunctive treatment in pediatric respiratory conditions. This narrative review synthesizes literature from January 2000 to December 2023 on the efficacy and safety of <em>E. purpurea</em> in treating pediatric URIs, including OM. It focuses on clinical trials and empirical studies that explore the mechanisms of action, such as the modulation of cytokine production, inhibition of NF-κB signaling, and antimicrobial effects. The analysis reveals mixed outcomes regarding the efficacy of <em>E. purpurea</em> in pediatric populations, attributed partly to variability in study designs and lack of standardized treatment protocols. While some studies report reduced severity and duration of respiratory symptoms, others indicate minimal or no significant difference compared to placebo. The review also highlights the need for specifically designed products that cater to the unique physiological and metabolic needs of children. Rigorous, well-designed clinical trials are crucial for establishing clear guidelines on the use of <em>E. purpurea</em> in pediatric respiratory care, ensuring its safe and effective application in improving health outcomes for children.</p> Thi-Mai-Hoa Vu Thi-Van Hoang Thi-Quynh-Huong Nguyen Pham-Minh-Khue Doan Thi-Thuy-Duong Nguyen Thi-Thu-Thuy Bui Chi-Cong Nguyen Hong-Duyen Tran Thi-Phuong-Thao Pham Hai-Anh Ha Copyright (c) 2024 Thi-Mai-Hoa Vu, Thi-Van Hoang, Thi-Quynh-Huong Nguyen, Pham-Minh-Khue Doan, Thi-Thuy-Duong Nguyen, Thi-Thu-Thuy Bui, Chi-Cong Nguyen, Hong-Duyen Tran, Thi-Phuong-Thao Pham, Hai-Anh Ha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-06-16 2024-06-16 4 2 90 100 10.62313/ijpbp.2024.213 https://ijpbp.com/index.php/ijpbp/article/view/217 <p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from natural sources offer promising solutions for combating microbial and viral infections. <em>Catharanthus roseus</em> (Periwinkle), renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties, provides a sustainable and eco-friendly method for producing AgNPs with significant antimicrobial and antiviral effects. This study explores the cytotoxic potential of AgNPs derived from <em>C. roseus</em> and their antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-HIV activities, highlighting the novelty of employing a green synthesis approach. AgNPs from <em>C. roseus</em> leaf extract (AgNP-CR) were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to determine their physicochemical properties. The antibacterial activity of AgNP-CR was assessed against clinically relevant bacterial strains, and antifungal activity was evaluated against common fungal pathogens. Additionally, anti-HIV activity was investigated through in vitro assays using HIV-infected cells. Results demonstrated significant antibacterial activity of AgNP-CR against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, AgNP-CR exhibited antifungal activity against pathogenic <em>Aspergillus</em> species. Importantly, AgNP-CR showed promising anti-HIV activity by inhibiting viral replication and cytopathic effects in infected cells. Cytotoxicity assays were also conducted to ensure the safety profile of the nanoparticles. Overall, this pilot study underscores the therapeutic potential of AgNPs synthesized from <em>C. roseus</em> in addressing bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Further research is warranted to elucidate their mechanisms of action and optimize formulations for clinical applications.</p> Rohini Joshi Shiva Aithal Ashwini More Vijay Nema Anupam Mukherjee Copyright (c) 2024 Rohini Joshi, Shiva Aithal, Ashwini More, Vijay Nema, Anupam Mukherjee https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-06-26 2024-06-26 4 2 101 109 10.62313/ijpbp.2024.217 https://ijpbp.com/index.php/ijpbp/article/view/202 <p><em>Piper</em> is widely distributed in subtropical regions and species of this genus are known for their potent pharmacological activities. <em>Piper arboreum</em> Aubl. is a traditional medicinal plant popularly known as "pau-de-angola", "jaborandi", and chili pepper, demonstrating antifungal, trypanocidal, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. The leaves of <em>P. arboreum</em> were extracted using Soxhlet and dichloromethane to obtain the extract, which was then fractionated using solvents of different polarities. Samples were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization source. Antifungal microdilution assays were performed, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the invasion of the pretreated nail. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extract and a dichloromethane fraction were, respectively, 62.5 μg/ml and 16.0 μg/ml against <em>Trichophyton rubrum</em>, and 125 μg/ml and 62.5 μg/ml, and 500 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml against <em>T. mentagrophytes</em>, and <em>Microsporum gypseum</em>, respectively. No growth was observed on nail fragments exposed to the extract (at concentrations &gt; 64 µg/ml and then inoculated with spore suspension. Transmission electron microscopy revealed strong inhibition of hyphal growth and an irregular growth pattern following treatment with the extract and the dichloromethane fraction. Results demonstrated the antifungal properties of the <em>P. arboreum</em> extract and its dichloromethane fraction against dermatophytes, with the identification of three different alkaloid compounds. The cytotoxicity was specific towards the fungal cells, and morphological and ultrastructural analyses indicated damage to the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane as the potential mechanism of action. The leaf material used to generate the extract can be taken from the plant without any detrimental effect thus enabling strategies to be implemented for the exploitation of this species.</p> Fabiana Brusco Lorenzetti Carla Maria Mariano Fernandez Eliana Harue Endo Regina Yasuko Makimori Mariza Barion Romagnolo César Armando Contreras Lancheros Marcia Regina Pereira Cabral Maria Helena Sarragiotto Celso Vataru Nakamura Tânia Ueda Nakamura Ludmila Pini Simões Benedito Prado Dias Filho Copyright (c) 2024 Fabiana Brusco Lorenzetti, Carla Maria Mariano Fernandez, Eliana Harue Endo, Regina Yasuko Makimori, Mariza Barion Romagnolo, César Armando Contreras Lancheros, Marcia Regina Pereira Cabral, Maria Helena Sarragiotto, Celso Vataru Nakamura, Tânia Ueda Nakamura, Ludmila Pini Simões, Benedito Prado Dias Filho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-10-28 2024-10-28 4 2 110 117 10.62313/ijpbp.2024.202