Phytochemical evaluation and acute oral toxicity of crude methanol extract of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer in laboratory mice (Mus musculus)

Sarah Princess Edoh; Dahiru Sani; Christian Emeka Mbah; Hindatu Yusuf; Abubakar Nuhu Ishaq; Tabita Gaba Sule; Kalen Ephraim Audu

doi:10.29228/ijpbp.18

Authors

Sarah Princess Edoh Ahmadu Bello University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-3663
Dahiru Sani Ahmadu Bello University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-5582
Christian Emeka Mbah Ahmadu Bello University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5638-7545
Hindatu Yusuf Federal University, Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Dutse, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0089-9963
Abubakar Nuhu Ishaq Ahmadu Bello University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0133-7708
Tabita Gaba Sule Umar Suleiman College of Education, Department of Biology, Gashu’a, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-5971
Kalen Ephraim Audu Ahmadu Bello University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Zaria, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-8893

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29228/ijpbp.18

Keywords:

Acute oral toxicity, Methanol, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Phytochemicals, Laboratory mice

Abstract

This research aimed to evaluate the phytochemical components of the crude methanol extract (CME) of Pleurotus tuber-regium and its acute toxicity in mice, Mus musculus. Before being filtered and evaporated, the crushed mushroom was macerated in 70% methanol for 72 hours. The phytochemical screening and acute oral toxicity were carried out using standard procedures. The CME consists of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and terpenoids. When given orally, the LD₅₀ was shown to be greater than 5000 mg/kg with no outward symptoms of toxicity. Haematology showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, total red blood cell, and neutrophil counts in the treatment group as compared to the control group, while total white blood cell and lymphocyte counts significantly (p < 0.05) increased. On serum biochemistry, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase, alanine phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine was observed in the treated group. There was however no significant (p > 0.05) difference in serum albumin and total protein. In conclusion, 5000 mg/kg of extract had a significant influence on the hematological and biochemical profiles of mice but didn’t cause irreparable liver and kidney damage.

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